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Tamworth, New South Wales

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Tamworth is a city in the New England region of New South Wales, Australia. Straddling the Peel River, Tamworth with an urban population of 42,501 people is the major regional centre for southern New England and in the local government area of Tamworth Regional Council. The city provides services for an area population of 55,063.[2] The city is located midway between Brisbane and Sydney the two largest cities on the Australian east coast.

Tamworth
New South Wales
File:Aerialviewtamworth2.jpg
Aerial view of Tamworth
Population42,501 (2006) (34th)
Established1818 (explored)
1850 (established)
1946 (city)
Postcode(s)2340
Elevation404 m (1,325 ft)
Location
LGA(s)Tamworth Regional Council
CountyInglis
State electorate(s)Tamworth, Barwon
Federal division(s)New England
Tamworth
Climate chart (explanation)
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Source: [1]
Imperial conversion
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█ Average max. and min. temperatures in °F
█ Precipitation totals in inches

Tamworth is nationally famous as the "Country Music Capital of Australia", annually hosting the Tamworth Country Music Festival in late January; the second biggest country music festival in the world. The city is recognised as the "National Equine Capital of Australia"[3] because of the high volume of equine events held in the city and the construction of the world class Australian Equine and Livestock Events Centre, the biggest of its kind in the southern hemisphere. The city additionally is known as the "First City of Lights", being the first place in the Southern Hemisphere to utilise electric street lights.[4][5]

History

The Kamilaroi people, from whose language comes the word "budgerigar", inhabited the area before European contact. John Oxley passed through the Peel Valley in 1818 and described it as "it would be impossible to find a finer or more luxuriant country than its waters...No place in this world can afford more advantages to the industrious settler than this extensive vale".[6] In 1831, the first sheep stations and cattle stations were formed, and in the same year the Australian Agricultural Company (AAC) was granted a lease of 127,000 hectares of land at Goonoo Goonoo, south of the present location of Tamworth, extending to present-day Calala.[7]

In the 1830s a company town began to develop on the Peel's southwest bank, the present site of West Tamworth. In 1850 A public town was gazetted on the opposite side of the river from the existing settlement. This town became the main town, called Tamworth after Tamworth, Staffordshire, represented at the time in parliament by Robert Peel. The town prospered, and was reached by the railway in 1878.[6]

In 1888 Tamworth became the first location in the Southern Hemisphere to have electric street lighting, giving the city the title of "First City of Light".[5]

Timeline

  • 1818 - Explorer John Oxley passes through the area on his exploration mission. Names the river that now runs through the town: Peel River, after English Prime Minister Robert Peel, whose name is also that of the main street and one of the local high schools.
  • 1831 - First sheep and cattle stations, namely Joseph Brown's 'Wallamoul' and William Dangar's 'Waldoo'. The exploring expedition led by Major Mitchell visited 'Wallamoul' in December 1831 on its way to the north-west.
  • 1834 - First Australian Agriculture Company sheep brought to the Tamworth region.[8]
  • 1851 - The white population of the village of Tamworth was 254.
  • 1852 - John Barnes built the Royal Oak Hotel
  • 1861 - Population 654.
  • 1866 - Tamworth Mechanics' Institute opened
  • 1888 - Power station opened and enables beginning of electric street lighting. The first electric streetlights in the southern hemisphere.[5]
  • 1918 - An anchor is unveiled as a memorial to the discovery of Tamworth district.
  • 1946 - Proclaimed a city.[9]
  • 1947 - East-West Airlines established in Tamworth - flying Tamworth - Sydney.
  • 1988 - A country music icon, the 12 m tall Golden Guitar is erected as a symbol of the city's country music roots.
  • 1990s - The Local Council embarks on a successful campaign of urban and streetscape renewal, including the greening of Peel Street.
  • 1999 - Tamworth Regional Entertainment Centre is opened
  • 2004 - A new local government area, Tamworth Regional Council, is formed from Tamworth City, Manilla Shire and parts of Parry, Nundle and Barraba Shires.
  • 2006 - In December the Tamworth Regional Council voted 6 to 3 against an offer from the Federal Government to take part in a one-year trial rural refugee resettlement program; the majority of these refugees would be Sudanese escaping civil war in their homeland. Mayor of Tamworth, Cr James Treloar, argued that the refugees being resettled were tuberculous and criminal.[10] The decision resulted in national and international media attention on the city. The public outrage unleashed by his comments and the summary decision to reject the refugees forced a reversal of the bill one month later, and Tamworth will now take part in the resettling program.[11]
  • 2008 Australian Equine and Livestock Events Centre is opened in September.

Geography

File:Tamworth location map in New South Wales.PNG
Location of Tamworth
 
Wentworth Mounds in background

Tamworth is located on the western side of the Great Dividing Range, on the banks of the Peel River, about 420 km north of Sydney on the New England Highway, and 280 km inland from Port Macquarie on the Oxley Highway. The town is situated at a narrow point on the Peel River floodplain, nestled at the base of the Wentworth Mounds, a spur of the Moonbi Range, where the Northwest Slopes rise to the Northern Tablelands. The elevation is around 400 m AHD. The Peel River runs southeast to northwest through Tamworth. The main town centre is on the northeast bank, between the river and the Wentworth Mounds which rise to heights of 800 m, towering over the city. The southwest bank is much flatter, and the city's suburbs sprawl to the south. Water for residents and the city's industry is supplied by Chaffey Dam, 44 km south east of the city.

Tamworth occupies an area of 486.5 km² as of 2003. Surrounding towns include Gunnedah, Willow Tree, Uralla, and Nundle.

Climate

The daily maximum temperature is 34°C in the summer, and the daily average summer night is 20°C, and the mean annual rainfall is 673.2 mm, the daily average winter day temperature is 18°C and the night is 3°C. The climate is generally warm to hot in summer and mild in winter. The hottest recorded temperature was 46°C and the coldest was -7°C.

Rainfall is experienced all year round, with summer storms providing occasional heavy downpours.

Tamworth's rain season, in the early months of a new year (particularly January) can result in major flooding. Snow is very rare in Tamworth but does occur in the surrounding villages such as Nundle. Frosts appear regularly.

On 28 and 29 November 2008, Tamworth received torrential rain that caused severe flooding and led to the area being declared a natural disaster area.[12]

Demographics

The estimated population of the Tamworth statistical district according to the Australian Bureau of Statistics in 2006 was 42,499 [5], with 33,475 people in the main urban area [6]. The population size of the Tamworth Regional Council was 54,522[13] in 2005. Tamworth has a working population of approximately 18,000 [14] in 2008.

Suburbs

=Central Business District

Main articles: Tamworth Central Business District, New South Wales and Tamworth Central Business District

The Tamworth Central Business District is the city centre and is located north of the Peel River. It is primarily a business area of Tamworth, with many shops, restaurants, car dealerships, as well as shopping centres and public facilities. The Tamworth Regional Council has its headquarters in Peel St at Ray Walsh House. Bicentennial Park and number one cricket oval are also located in the suburb.

Economy

Tamworth is primarily a service centre for the New England and North West regions, providing services to a population of some 200,00 plus people from the Tamworth region and satellite areas. The retail industry is the biggest employer followed by manufacturing and health services. The industries with the most number of businesses in order are property and business services, agriculture and construction, closely followed by finance and insurance services. With a diverse economy agriculture, education, transport and aviation are major industries. [15]

Aviation

The latter has been a significant part of the local economy, partly due to the city's exceptionally suitable flying weather, with the former East West Airlines and Eastern Airlines having had service and maintenance bases at the Tamworth Airport. The Tamworth airport is one of the 10 busiest airports in Australia[15] and is an important centre for flying training activities for both airline and defence force graduates. The BAE Systems Flight Training College encompasses the flight screening course for all Australian Defence Force pilot applicants, Basic Flying Training School for the Australian Defence Force and the Singapore Air Force. The Australasian Pacific Aeronautical College and New England Institute of TAFE in the city also provide aeronautical training.[16]

Agriculture

 
Orchard outside Tamworth during Winter
 
King George Avenue near the Peel River where many farms are located

Agriculture is an important industry in the Tamworth economy. An estimated 307,000 hectares of land is used for the agricultural industry, with an economic gross value of $75 million contributing to the Tamworth economy.[17] Important agricultural activities include beef, sheep, grain, dairy, poultry and lucerne[17] Other agricultural areas include alpaca, buffalo, berry, fish, goat, hydroponic, nut, olive, specialised game fowl farming as well wineries.[17] Offices for the Department of Agriculture and the Department of Infrastructure, Planning and Natural Resources are located in Tamworth.[17]

 
Australian National Equine Livestock Events Centre (AELEC), New England Highway, Tamworth, NSW

Australian Equine and Livestock Events Centre

Main article: Australian Equine and Livestock Events Centre

Equine sports are very popular in the Tamworth region and many national associations host titles in the city. These include ABCRA National Finals and Junior National Finals, Australian Quarter Horse National Championships & Barrel Race Super Challenge, National Cutting Horse Association Futurity among many other events.[18] These events were hosted at the Tamworth Showgrounds in the suburb of Taminda however they will now be hosted at the new Australian Equine and Livestock Events Centre in 2008. The Australian Equine and Livestock Events Centre has been built by the Tamworth Regional Council at a cost of $30 million. Construction of stage I began in June 2007 and was completed in October 2008. The centre has an indoor arena seating 3,360 people, stables for over 478 horses,[19] a covered stud livestock selling area with seating for 660 people and truck and camping facilities for 195 vehicles.[20] Associations for Appaloosas horses, all breeds, Western Performance, Australian Stock Horses, Pony Clubs and cutting horses will use the centre.

Retail

Main article: Tamworth Central Business District, New South Wales
 
Peel Street in the Tamworth CBD

Tamworth is the largest and main retail centre for the New England and North West Slopes regions of New South Wales. Retail accounts for 22.5% of the working population and is the largest employer in the city. [21]

Peel St is the major retail and shopping area of Tamworth and is located in the Tamworth Central Business District. Three blocks of Peel St were refurbished over different stages during the 1990s. There are approximately a few hundred shops in the main street, as well as restaurants, street cafés and banks. These include a large Target (formally Grace Bros.).

Shopping Centres: There are many shopping centres located in Tamworth, with the majority being located in the Tamworth Central Business District however many are also located in various neighborhoods. Shopping Centres include:

 
Tamworth Regional Council Building in Peel st
  • Tamworth Shopping World - Located in West Tamworth along Bridge st, Tamworth Shopping World with over 50 specialty shops, including a food court and anchored by Woolworths and Big W.
  • Centrepoint Shopping Centre - A $35 million shopping centre began construction in early 2007 [citation needed] and will be complete by the end of 2008? behind the Tamworth Town Hall, in the Tamworth Central Business District between the old city library and behind the specialty shops in the main street Peel st. The shopping centre will link up with the current small Centrepoint Arcade through which access to Peel St will be and the entire centre will be known as Centrepoint Shopping Centre. Franklins supermarket will open in the centre as well as 5 cinemas and a performing arts centre/theatre that also doubles as a cinema, 6 restaurants, food court and 40 specialty shops.
  • Northgate Shopping Centre - Situated in North Tamworth Bi-Lo is located inside the centre as well as 18 specialty shops. The centre is now under redevlopment with the supermarket being enlarged, which will change operation from Bi-Lo to Coles, and the inclusion of more specialty shops in the centre.
  • Southgate Shopping Centre - Situated in South Tamworth Bi-Lo is located inside the centre as well as other speciality shops. The centre was the first mall to be built in Tamworth. The centre is also expected an upgrade in late 2008.
  • Tamworth Homespace - Is located out at the Longyard. It is a bulk goods complex. It also contains two large gyms (Beach House Fitness & Inspirations) and also Outback Jacks Bar & Grill, a family restaurant.
  • Calala Court shopping complex - Is located in Calala and was opened in 2007. It has 10 specialty shops and an IGA supermarket.

Other shopping complexes in Tamworth include Robert St Shopping Centre, and the Longyard Homemakers centre.

Tourism

File:Johnbutlertamworth.JPG
John Butler busking in Peel St during 2007 festival

Tourism is an important industry, worth over A$110 m, annually[22] with by far the most significant draw being the annual Tamworth Country Music Festival, the biggest event of its type in Australia and the southern hemisphere.

Country Music Festival

Main article: Tamworth Country Music Festival
File:Big GoldenGuitar Tamworth.jpg
Tamworth's big Golden Guitar.

Tamworth is best known for hosting the Country Music Festival. The Festival is held over a period of 10 days during January, and is the second biggest country music festival in the world. The festival has many times been counted among the world's top ten music festivals. In 2007 Forbes rated it as number 8 of the World’s Coolest Music Festivals.[23] The festival features thousands of Australian and international country music artists performing live shows 24 hours a day. Each year an estimated 100,000 people pass through the Tamworth for the festival with around 70,000 staying for a substantial duration of the festival, with camping along the banks of the Peel River.

The 10 day festival culminates in the Golden Guitar Awards - the most prestigious award that an Australian Country Music artist can win for their music. In honor of its country music Tamworth is home to the 'Big Golden Guitar', the wax museum and the hands of fame park of successful country music artists. Homegrown country music stars include Felicity Urquhart and up and coming promising talent The Baileys whose music style is a mixture of country, rock and other genres.

Tamworth Regional Entertainment Centre

Main article: Tamworth Regional Entertainment Centre
File:TREC2.jpg
Tamworth Regional Entertainment Centre

Tamworth Regional Entertainment Centre is located in the suburb of Hillvue. It is a multipurpose centre with a seating capacity of 5,100[24] and is the biggest of its kind outside the New South Wales and south-east Queensland metropolitan areas.

Education

Main article: Schools in Tamworth, New South Wales

The New England Institute of TAFE's biggest campus, the Tamworth TAFE Campus is located in the city; as well as an access centre for the University of New England. There are additionally many public and non-governmental schools in Tamworth and as well as an adult education centre.

Culture and Recreation

Sport

File:FITZPATRICK Scott-Rodeo (1124 x 689).jpg
Rodeo sports

Sport is a very important part of Tamworth culture and over 50 different sports and recreational pursuits are participated in by the community. [25] Many major annual and one off sporting events are held in the city because of the wide range of facilities and venues available. [25] There are over 180 sporting clubs in the Tamworth region and the region has several strong competitions, including basketball, cricket, football (soccer), hockey, netball, rugby league, rugby union and Aussie rules football. As a result the city has produced many sportspeople including test cricketers, olympic shooters and hockey players; and many rugby league players playing in the National Rugby League. [25]The Northern Inland Academy of Sport is one important institution in the city that has helped talented sportspeople to establish themselves "on and off the field." [25] It was established in 1992 and has a wide range of community support.

Facilities

File:HOCKEY BUTTER CUP V TUDOR 1 (750 x 502).jpg
Water based hockey fields

Located within the city are an athletic track, Australian football grounds, badminton courts, baseball pitches, indoor basketball courts, indoor and outdoor cricket pitches, croquet turf, cycling: velodrome and bmx track, two 18 hole golf courses, a gymnastic centre, water bases hockey fields, the Australian Equine and Livestock Events Centre used for equine sports, eleven bowling turfs, Kart racing track, a speedway track and a motocross track, netball courts: twelve asphalt courts, 30 grass courts and an indoor synthetic court. An inline hockey court, rugby league and union fields: nine senior fields and seven junior fields. Shooting sports 3 x 25 m standard pistol ranges, 1 x 10m air pistol range, 1 x 100m free & action pistol range; 1 x 50m service pistol range and 1 x 100m rifle range. Soccer fields with six senior fields, 8 junior fields and an indoor standard court. Two international standard softball diamonds and ten competition standard diamonds. Squash courts, two olympic swimming pools and one indoor pool. Tennis courts include 2 hardcourts, 17 synthetic courts, 8 clay courts and one indoor synthetic court. There are also two tenpin bowling centres, 16 touch football/Oztag fields, two indoor volleyball courts and three beach courts, as well as 2 water polo competition level pools. [25]

Sports Teams In Tamworth

 
Tamworth Golf Course

Club Sport Founded League Venue Old Boys Cricket Club Cricket T.D.C.A. NO.1 Oval,
Tamworth CBD Tamworth Rugby Club[26] Rugby Union 1954 Central North Rugby Park,
North Tamworth Pirates Rugby Club Rugby Union 1962 Central North Ken Chillingworth Oval[citation needed],
West Tamworth North Tamworth Bears Rugby League 1911 Group 4 Rugby League Jack Woolaston Oval,
North Tamworth West Tamworth Lions Rugby League Group 4 Rugby League Scully Park,
West Tamworth North Companions Football Northern Inland Premier League Marius Street No1,
North Tamworth Hillvue Rovers Football Tamworth Football League
Oxley Vale Attunga Football Northern Inland Premier League Jack Woolaston Oval,
North Tamworth Tamworth Swans AFL Tamworth Australian Football League Number One Oval,
Tamworth CBD Tamworth Kangaroos AFL Tamworth Australian Football League Number One Oval,
Tamworth CBD Workies Hockey Club Hockey Subaru Super Stix Hockey Tamworth Hockey Centre
Tamworth Regional Sport Complex

Performing Arts

  • The Tamworth Eisteddfod is held annually in May and June, with Speech and Drama, Debating, Music and Dance sections. The five main dance schools in tamworth En Evant, The Owl and the Pussycat, Kaluder and Ecnad all compete in the Eisteddfod.
  • The Northwest Dance Festival has been held various times in Tamworth, being held in the Tamworth Regional Entertainment Centre in 2006. This includes a wide variety of dances from all the Public schools in the region.
  • The Tamworth Musical Society is an important part of the Tamworth culture, and has performed musicals such as Grease, Westside Story, and Les Misérables in October-November 2007.
  • The Tamworth Regional Conservatorium of Music is another important part of the performing arts scene in Tamworth. Catering for over 1000 students of a wide range learning many instruments from experienced and qualified teachers. It is the largest regional conservatorium in the state behind Wollongong, with students ranging in age from four years to 75 years old, learning over 21 different instruments.
  • CAPERS is a show hosted at Tamworth Regional Entertainment Centre every 2 years. It is to showcase the talent of students from all over the North-West region. Both primary and high schools.

Parks

There are many important parks in the city of Tamworth. Notable parks in Tamworth include Anzac park, Bicentennial Park and The Tamworth Regional Botanic Gardens. The Botanical gardens were established in 1995 and are run by the Tamworth Regional Council. The gardens cover an area of 28ha,[27] 5ha of which has been developed. The gardens conserve the flora of the region, as well as include flora and plant displays from various parts of Australia and the world.

 
Bicentennial Park

Heritage

The following buildings are listed on the Register of the National Estate.[28]

  • Hospital Main Block, built 1883
  • Post Office, Victorian Classical style, designed by Colonial Architect James Barnet, circa 1886
  • Lands Office, Fitzroy Street, built 1889
  • Public School, Upper Street, built 1885

Powerhouse Museum

The Powerhouse Museum is located in the general office of the old power plant. The museum celebrates 100 years of electric street lighting in Tamworth which was the first town in the Southern Hemisphere to acquire municipally-supplied electric street lighting. There is a large array of electrical appliances and paraphernalia from yesteryear, including working steam-powered electricity generators.

Churches

 
Cross of Light at Tamworth Lookout

Since 2000 the Combined Churches of Tamworth have run a free to the public festival called "Lifefest" in Bicentennial Park. The event is run on a Saturday in July in conjunction with Fusion Tamworth and with the support of Tamworth Regional Council.The family day celebrates National Thanksgiving Day and involves various stalls with free food, drinks, games, and showbags, as well as drama presentation, music performances, and displays from police, fire brigade and ambulance. 2007 attracted a crowd of a couple thousand to the festival in the park.

Media

Tamworth serves as the regional centre for media in the New England District.

Newspaper

Television

NBN Television and Prime Television have studios in Tamworth that produce local news bulletins.

Radio

Several radio stations are based in the city, including 2TM, general community station 2YOU FM 88.9 FM, Christian community radio station Radio Rhema 89.7 FM, hit music station - FM 92.9 and the local ABC Local Radio station, ABC New England North West.

The community radio stations both broadcast from Bald Hill. Both FM 92.9 and 2TM are owned by the Caralis SuperNetwork, which has caused concern amongst locals for its lack of localism.

Transport

Tamworth is situated on the Main North railway line. Trains no longer continue all the way to the Queensland border, but the town is still served by the Countrylink Xplorer service between Sydney and Armidale. The Tamworth Airport additionally has flights from Tamworth to Sydney with QantasLink daily.

Preceding station   CountryLink   Following station
Template:CountryLink lines

Sister cities

Tamworth has the following sister cities:

Country City (and Province or State)
 New Zealand Gore
  Japan Sannohe, Aomori
 England Tamworth
  China Chaoyang District, Beijing
  United States DeKalb, Illinois

Attractions

  • Golden Guitar
  • PowerStation Museum
  • Calala Cottage
  • Tamworth Regional Gallery
  • Tamworth Regional Botanic Gardens

Noteworthy Identities

Academic
Business
Entertainment, media and the arts
Medicine and science
Politics, public service and the law
Sport

See also

References

  1. ^ Tamworth
  2. ^ "Regional Population Growth, Australia, 2004-05". Australian Bureau of Statistics. Retrieved 2006-12-02.[dead link‍]
  3. ^ Australian Traveller Retrieved on 31 March 2009
  4. ^ Explore Australia 2002, 20th edition, Viking
  5. ^ a b c "Marvellous Museums Award". Australian Broadcasting Corporation. ABC Radio National. 2008-11-23. Retrieved 2009-02-03.
  6. ^ a b "SMH Travel - Tamworth New South Wales" (html). Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 29 August 2007.
  7. ^ [1][dead link‍]
  8. ^ "Tamworth Profile - Tamworth Region". Tamworth Regional Council. Retrieved 4 September 2007.
  9. ^ "Tamworth Profile". Geographical Names Board of New South Wales. Retrieved 23 May 2006.
  10. ^ You're not welcome, town tells refugees Sydney Morning Herald
  11. ^ Tamworth rethinks refugee settlement scheme, ABC News Online
  12. ^ Walcha News, "Flood clean up", 11 December 2008
  13. ^ "Regional Population Growth, Australia, 2004-05". Australian Bureau of Statistics. Retrieved 2006-12-02.[dead link‍]
  14. ^ [hhttp://www.tamworthregion.com.au/index.cfm?page_parent_id=83&page_id=83 "Employment-05"]. Tamworth Regional Development Corporation. Retrieved 2009-30-04. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  15. ^ a b "Business Environment - Tamworth Regional Development Corporation" (html). Tamworth Regional Development Corporation. Retrieved 31 March 2009. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dateformat= ignored (help)
  16. ^ APAC Retrieved on 31 March 2009
  17. ^ a b c d "Agriculture - Tamworth Regional Council" (html). Tamworth Regional Council. Retrieved 30 August 2007. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dateformat= ignored (help)
  18. ^ "Lifestyle" (html). Tamworth Regional Development Board. Retrieved 4 September 2007.
  19. ^ Welcome to AELEC, Tamworth Regional Council, September 2008
  20. ^ [2]
  21. ^ "Retail - Tamworth Regional Development Corporation" (html). Tamworth Regional Development Corporation. Retrieved 31 March 2009. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dateformat= ignored (help)
  22. ^ [3][dead link‍]
  23. ^ "Forbes Traveler - World's Coolest Music Festivals". Forbes. Retrieved 7 September 2007.
  24. ^ "Tamworth Regional Entertainment Centre webpage". Tamworth Regional Council. Retrieved 4 August 2007.
  25. ^ a b c d e "Sport - Tamworth Regional Development Corporation" (html). Tamworth Regional Development Corporation. Retrieved 6 April 2009. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dateformat= ignored (help)
  26. ^ Tamworth Rugby Club
  27. ^ [4]
  28. ^ The Heritage of Australia, Macmillan Company, 1981, p.2/246
  29. ^ Suzannah Pearce, ed. (2006-11-17). "CRIPPS Allan William". Who's Who in Australia Live!. North Melbourne, Vic: Crown Content Pty Ltd. {{cite encyclopedia}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help); Check date values in: |year= / |date= mismatch (help)
  30. ^ Suzannah Pearce, ed. (2006-11-17). "DAVIES Bronwyn". Who's Who in Australia Live!. North Melbourne, Vic: Crown Content Pty Ltd. {{cite encyclopedia}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help); Check date values in: |year= / |date= mismatch (help)
  31. ^ Suzannah Pearce, ed. (2006-11-17). "GORMAN Lyn". Who's Who in Australia Live!. North Melbourne, Vic: Crown Content Pty Ltd. {{cite encyclopedia}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help); Check date values in: |year= / |date= mismatch (help)
  32. ^ "NSW Rhodes Scholars 1904 - 2007". Rhodes Scholarships. The University of Sydney. 2007. Retrieved 2007-08-02.
  33. ^ Suzannah Pearce, ed. (2006-11-17). "SMITH Robert Henry Tufrey". Who's Who in Australia Live!. North Melbourne, Vic: Crown Content Pty Ltd. {{cite encyclopedia}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help); Check date values in: |year= / |date= mismatch (help)
  34. ^ Suzannah Pearce, ed. (2006-11-17). "MAZITELLI David Rodney". Who's Who in Australia Live!. North Melbourne, Vic: Crown Content Pty Ltd. {{cite encyclopedia}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help); Check date values in: |year= / |date= mismatch (help)
  35. ^ Suzannah Pearce, ed. (2006-11-17). "McPHAIL Richard". Who's Who in Australia Live!. North Melbourne, Vic: Crown Content Pty Ltd. {{cite encyclopedia}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help); Check date values in: |year= / |date= mismatch (help)
  36. ^ Suzannah Pearce, ed. (2006-11-17). "MILLER (Geoff) Geoffrey Lee". Who's Who in Australia Live!. North Melbourne, Vic: Crown Content Pty Ltd. {{cite encyclopedia}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help); Check date values in: |year= / |date= mismatch (help)
  37. ^ "Arthur Blanch". Australasian Country Music Roll of Renown. Australian Country Music Foundation. 2001. Retrieved 2008-02-03.
  38. ^ "Three Questions: Pixie Jenkins". "Sydney can turn on the waterworks". Sydney Morning Herald. 2008-01-21. Retrieved 2008-02-03.
  39. ^ Maunder, Stuart (2006-06-16). "Not quite saving the Queen". News, Analysis and Comment. Arts Hub Australia. Retrieved 2008-02-03.
  40. ^ "Sapphire Brings Finesse to FotoKem". Genarts. Retrieved 2008-08-08."IMDB - Bill Admans". IMDB. Retrieved 2008-08-08."Trial By Jury Puts New Law & Oorder into Post" (PDF). Film & Video. 05-2005. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); Text "accessdate 2008-08-08" ignored (help)
  41. ^ a b c d e f g h i "Farrer Old Boys' Association 2006 Newsletter" (PDF). Old Boys. Farrer Memorial Agricultural High School. 2006. Retrieved 2008-02-03.
  42. ^ Suzannah Pearce, ed. (2006-11-17). "ADAMS Shirley Margaret". Who's Who in Australia Live!. North Melbourne, Vic: Crown Content Pty Ltd. {{cite encyclopedia}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help); Check date values in: |year= / |date= mismatch (help)
  43. ^ "Mark Coulton". Meet the Federal Team. The Nationals. 2007. Retrieved 2008-02-03.
  44. ^ "Peter Worsley". Sporting Hall of Fame. Orange City Council. Retrieved 2008-02-03.

31°05′S 150°55′E / 31.083°S 150.917°E / -31.083; 150.917

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