Regression in autism refers to the backtracking of skills, often in communication, social interaction, or daily functioning.

Regression in autism is a condition where an individual with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) experiences a significant loss of previously acquired skills. It can manifest in various ways, including reduced verbal communication, decreased social engagement, or challenges with previously mastered tasks, such as self-care.

Autistic regression can affect children and adults. In adults, factors, such as extreme stress or exhaustion, may trigger symptoms. Many prefer the term autistic burnout, as it emphasizes the role of chronic stress and mental fatigue that can cause this decline in functioning.

This article explores regression in autism, its signs, causes, and where to find support.

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Regression in autism occurs when an individual with ASD experiences a significant decline in previously acquired skills or milestones.

Regression can manifest in several areas, such as:

  • language
  • social interaction
  • emotional regulation
  • motor skills
  • self-directed actions
  • daily functioning

Children commonly experience brief periods of regression during their development. It is a natural response as they adjust to new environments or experiences. However, it is more common in children with ASD or other neurodevelopmental disorders.

Although associated with children, regression can occur at any age and may result from factors, such as stress, sensory overload, or changes in routine.

People increasingly prefer the term autistic burnout, as it suggests that skill loss relates to the individual being overwhelmed or mentally exhausted rather than the more negative connotation of “regression.”

What is autism?

Autism, or autism spectrum disorder (ASD), is a developmental condition affecting how individuals communicate, interact socially, and process information.

It is a spectrum because the symptoms and their severity can vary widelyTrusted Source from person to person. Some autistic individuals may have significant challenges with verbal communication and social engagement. In contrast, others might excel in certain areas but have issues with more subtle aspects of social interaction, such as interpreting nonverbal cues.

The core characteristics of autism often include:

  • difficulties in social interaction
  • repetitive behaviors or routines
  • highly focused interests

Sometimes, sensory sensitivities, where everyday sounds, textures, or lights occur, may feel overwhelming or distressing.

Doctors typically diagnose autism in early childhood, although some individuals may not receive a diagnosis until later in life, particularly in cases where symptoms are milder.

Autism regression typically occurs between 18 and 24 months, with an average age of 20 to 22 months, a period when many children meet developmental milestones. Some children may also lose skills at preschool and school ages.

However, adolescents and adults can also experience regression, especially during high stress or life transitions. For some, these episodes may be temporary. In others, they could signal the need for long-term support.

Recognizing the signs of regression in autism is crucial for early intervention. These signs can vary significantly between individuals and may affect different areas of functioning.

In children

In children, common signs of regression may includeTrusted Source:

  • a loss of language skills, such as no longer using words they previously spoke
  • reduced social engagement, such as avoiding eye contact or interactions with caregivers
  • increased repetitive behaviors, such as hand-flapping or lining up objects
  • a return to earlier developmental stages, such as needing more help with tasks like dressing or feeding

In adults

Adults experiencing autistic burnout may show different signs, includingTrusted Source:

  • increased sensory sensitivity, leading to avoidance of crowded or noisy environments
  • withdrawal from social interactions or feeling overwhelmed by social activities
  • difficulty with tasks they previously managed well, such as work responsibilities or self-care
  • emotional exhaustion or an increased sense of anxiety and stress

Learn more about neurodivergent burnout.

Various causes of regression in autism exist, and they are not fully understood. Some experts believe that regressive ASD is a subtype. Other potential contributing factors could include:

  • Stress and burnout: Chronic stress, sensory overload, and emotional exhaustion can overwhelm individuals with autism, leading to skill loss.
  • Illness or environmental changes: Physical illness, trauma, or significant life changes, such as moving or starting a new school, can trigger regression in some individuals.
  • Neurological changes: Certain changes in the brain may play a role in autism-related regression.
  • Autoimmunity: Immune system dysfunction, where the immune system mistakenly attacks the body, could contribute to autism-related regression.

Diagnosing regression in autism involves a thorough assessment by a healthcare professional, including a detailed medical and developmental history.

Parents and caregivers play a crucial role in providing information about the timing and nature of skill loss, and clinicians may use toolsTrusted Source, such as the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS), to evaluate changes in behavior and abilities.

Identifying regression early allows for timely interventions that can help prevent further skill loss and promote recovery.

People can find support for autism regression or autistic burnout through various resources, including:

  • Developmental pediatricians or neurologists: Specialists focusing on childhood development and neurological conditions can offer diagnosis and treatment options.
  • Autism specialists: Therapists or psychologists who specialize in autism can provide tailored interventions for skill recovery and stress management.
  • Support groups and organizations: Local or online autism communities, such as the Autism Society, can provide guidance, resources, and emotional support for families and individuals experiencing regression.

Regression in autism involves the loss of previously acquired skills and can affect both children and adults.

It may result from a combination of stress, sensory overload, or neurological factors, and early identification is essential to providing appropriate interventions.